Extra class vocab (ECV)

 

English word/phrase	Transcription	Definition	Example sentence	Перевод
heavy workload	/ˈhevi ˈwɜːkləʊd/	A large amount of work, study tasks, or responsibilities. Used for work and study, not gym training.	I have a heavy workload this week because of deadlines.	большая нагрузка по работе / учёбе
heavy workout	/ˈhevi ˈwɜːkaʊt/	A workout that feels physically hard because of weight, effort, or fatigue. Focus on difficulty / physical strain.	Yesterday’s leg session was a heavy workout.	тяжёлая тренировка
intense workout	/ɪnˈtens ˈwɜːkaʊt/	A workout with high energy, speed, or effort in a shorter time. Focus on intensity / effort level.	We did an intense workout with short breaks.	интенсивная тренировка
diet	/ˈdaɪət/	What a person usually eats, or a special eating plan. Focus on your eating habits / menu.	She follows a balanced diet.	рацион / диета
meal	/miːl/	One occasion of eating: breakfast, lunch, dinner. Focus on one eating event.	Breakfast is my favorite meal of the day.	приём пищи
food	/fuːd/	Any edible things people eat in general. Focus on food as a product/category.	This restaurant serves healthy food.	еда / пища
nutrition	/njuːˈtrɪʃən/	Food and its effect on health; nutrients and healthy eating. Focus on science / health value.	Good nutrition helps recovery after exercise.	питание / нутрициология / питательные вещества
treadmill	/ˈtredmɪl/	The standard and most natural word for a running machine in a gym.	I ran on the treadmill for 30 minutes.	беговая дорожка
running machine	/ˈrʌnɪŋ məˌʃiːn/	Understandable, but less common than treadmill.	The hotel gym has a running machine.	беговая дорожка

estimate	/ˈes.tɪ.meɪt/	to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, or amount of something	We estimated that the project would take three weeks.	оценивать, подсчитывать, предполагать
stamina	/ˈstæm.ɪ.nə/	physical or mental strength that allows you to continue doing something for a long time. Often used for energy in activity, sport, daily performance.	You need a lot of stamina to run and teach all day.	выносливость, запас сил
endurance	/ɪnˈdjʊə.rəns/	the ability to keep doing something difficult, painful, or tiring for a long time. Focuses more on lasting through hardship or long effort.	Cycling across the country requires great endurance.	выносливость, стойкость, выдержка
resent	/rɪˈzent/	to feel angry because you think something is unfair	He resented being ignored at the meeting.	возмущаться, обижаться, негодовать
offend	/əˈfend/	to make someone upset or hurt by something you say or do	I didn’t mean to offend you with my joke.	обидеть, оскорбить
witness (person)	/ˈwɪt.nəs/	a person who sees an event happen, especially a crime or accident	The police asked the witness to describe the car.	свидетель
witness (verb)	/ˈwɪt.nəs/	to see something happen, especially an important event	She witnessed the explosion from her window.	быть свидетелем, видеть своими глазами

• stamina = energy + strength to keep going actively
• endurance = ability to continue despite difficulty, pain, or fatigue

 

overhear	/ˌəʊ.vəˈhɪə/	to hear what other people are saying without intending to and without their knowledge	I overheard them talking about the surprise party.	подслушать, случайно услышать чужой разговор
eavesdrop	/ˈiːvz.drɒp/	to listen secretly to what other people are saying	He was caught eavesdropping outside the door.	подслушивать специально (тайно)

 

peek	/piːk/	to look quickly, secretly, or through a small opening	She peeked through the curtain to see who was outside.	подглядеть, заглянуть, украдкой посмотреть
peep	/piːp/	to look secretly or quickly at something, often through a small space	He peeped through the keyhole.	подглядывать, подсматривать
spy on	/spaɪ ɒn/	to secretly watch someone or find out information about them	The boy was trying to spy on his neighbours.	следить, подглядывать, шпионить за кем-либо

• peek = быстро украдкой взглянуть
• peep = подсматривать через щель / тайком смотреть
• spy on = следить за человеком с целью узнать что-то 

spiky hair	/ˌspaɪki ˈheə/	hair that stands up in sharp points, often styled	He styled his spiky hair before the party.	колючие волосы / волосы «ёжиком» (уложены специально)
every other day	/ˈevri ˈʌðə deɪ/	once every two days	I go jogging every other day.	через день
assume	/əˈsjuːm/	to think something is true without proof	I assumed she was busy.	предполагать
hair sticking up (all over the place)	/heə ˈstɪkɪŋ ʌp/	hair that is untidy and stands in different directions	After sleeping, my hair was sticking up all over the place.	волосы торчат как попало
bed hair / bedhead	/ˈbed heə/ /ˈbedhed/	messy hair after sleeping	I woke up with terrible bedhead today.	растрёпанные волосы после сна

feel anticipation	/fiːl ænˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/	to feel excited or nervous because something is going to happen	Many students felt anticipation before receiving their IELTS results.	испытывать предвкушение / ожидание
consider	/kənˈsɪd.ər/	to think carefully about something before making a decision	Universities should carefully consider the long-term effects of online education.	рассматривать, обдумывать, учитывать
source	/sɔːs/	the place something comes from or starts from	Academic articles are considered reliable sources of information.	источник
resource	/rɪˈzɔːs/	something useful that helps achieve something	Many schools lack the financial resources to improve their facilities.	ресурс, средство
sources vs resources	—	Source = where something comes from (information, energy, origin). Resource = something useful that you can use to achieve a goal (money, time, people, materials).	The internet is a valuable source of information, but students also need enough resources to study effectively.	source = источник происхождения информации/чего-либо; resource = полезный ресурс или средство для достижения цели

 

 

hooligan	/ˈhuː.lɪ.ɡən/	a violent or badly behaved person, often connected with trouble in public places or sports events	A group of hooligans damaged several cars near the stadium.	хулиган
bully	/ˈbʊl.i/	someone who hurts or frightens a weaker person on purpose	The school introduced new rules to deal with bullies.	задира, хулиган (особенно в школе)
troublemaker	/ˈtrʌb.əlˌmeɪ.kər/	someone who regularly causes problems or conflict	Teachers often try to separate troublemakers from quieter students.	смутьян, нарушитель порядка
petty criminal	/ˌpet.i ˈkrɪm.ɪ.nəl/	someone who commits small or less serious crimes	The area became known for pickpockets and other petty criminals.	мелкий преступник
hooligan vs petty criminal	—	Hooligan usually emphasizes aggressive, rude, antisocial behaviour (fights, vandalism, chaos). Petty criminal focuses on small crimes such as theft, vandalism, or shoplifting. A hooligan may behave badly without committing a serious crime, while a petty criminal specifically breaks the law.	Some teenagers were acting like hooligans, while others were actual petty criminals involved in theft.	hooligan = хулиган по поведению; petty criminal = мелкий преступник с нарушением закона